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Ureaplasma is an opportunistic pathogen with a high population carrying rate.Maternal ureaplasma infection is related to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth etc.Ureaplasma infection in neonates can cause central nervous system inflammation and eventually lead to poor nervous system prognosis.Although the incidence of invasive central nervous system infection in newborns is low, due to the presence of immune escape in the body, atypical clinical manifestations after ureaplasma infection, and insensitivity to routine detection methods, the central ureaplasma infection in newborns is often unable to diagnose and treat properly in time, so it can easily lead to delayed treatment, which can lead to serious complications.This review aimed to explain the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of central nervous system inflammation caused by ureaplasma infection, and share diagnosis methods, as well as successful treatment experience in related cases, so as to provide the basis for early diagnosis and reasonable treatment, thereby reducing the occurrence of adverse neurological outcomes caused by ureaplasma infection.
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OBJECTIVE To stu dy the effects of different processing me thods on the contents of the pharmacodynamic index components in Citrus aurantium and their antioxidant activity. METHODS According to the general principles of 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （volume Ⅳ） and the relevant processing methods in 2015 edition of Processing Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province ，the samples of C. aurantium were prepared by steaming with water ，boiling with water ，stir-frying with vinegar ，stir-frying with wine ，stir-frying with bran ，processing with bran and processing with honey. The contents of moisture and ash in different products of C. aurantium were detected. The contents of naringin and neohesperidin in different products of C. aurantium were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of different products was investigated by DPPH and ABTS + radical scavenging experiments and the total reducing power test. RESULTS The contents of moisture ，ash，naringin and neohesperidin were in line with the relevant requirements in 2015 edition of Processing Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province . The content of naringin in descending order was as follow ： unprocessed sample ＞sample processed with honey ＞sample processed with bran ＞sample boiled with water ＞sample stir-fried with vinegar＞sample stir-fried with wine ＞sample stir-fried with bran ＞sample steamed with water. The content of neohesperidin in descending order was as follow ：unprocessed sample ＞sample boiled with water ＞sample processed with bran ＞sample processed with honey ＞sample stir-fried with vinegar ＞sample steamed with water ＞sample stir-fried with wine ＞sample stir-fried with bran. The samples after boiling with water ，processing with bran ，and stir-fried with bran had better DPPH radicals scavenging ability （IC50 were 7.49，8.37 and 10.22 mg/mL，respectively）. The samples after boiling with water ，steaming with water ，and processed with bran had better ABTS + radicals scavenging ability （IC50 were 1.76，2.03 and 2.72 mg/mL，respectively）. In addition ， compared with sample stir-fried with wine and processed with 发。E-mail：wanglu1286@163.com honey，unprocessed sample and other processed products of C.aurantium had bet ter total reducing ability. CONCLUSIONS After processing ，the contents of the main pharmacodynamic index components in C. aurantium have been reduced ，but they were also in line with the relevant requirements in 2015 edition of Processing Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province . The antioxidant ability of some processed products has been enhanced.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of acoustic radiation forcs impulse (ARFI)in quantitative evaluating placental elasticity.Methods The study population included 487 normal pregnant women,and ARFI generated shear wave velocity (SWV)was measured.On the basis of gestational ages, placental sites and sampling depths in region of interest (ROI),the normal population was divided into different groups.One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the discrepancy on the SWV values amomg the nomal placental sites or the sampling depths in ROI.Pearson correlation coefficient were used to assess the possible relationships between the normal placental SWV values and the different gestational ages or the placental grades.A total of 5 1 cases were diagnosed with severe preeclampsia,among them 25 cases were categorized as severe preeclampsia with fetal growth restriction (FGR).The placental SWV values were measured and compared with those of the normal population.The pathological examinations were performed on 50 normal and 5 1 abnormal placentas.Results Basing on the placental sites,the normal population were divided into three groups:anterior wall,lateral wall and posterior wall groups.Compared with the posterior wall group,the placental SWV values in the anterior wall or lateral wall group significantly decreased (P <0.05).No statistical significant difference was found between the anterior wall group and the lateral wall group.Basing on the distance from the sampling depths to the probe (range from 2 to 7.99 cm,and each additional 1 cm corresponding a group),the normal population were divided into six groups.There was statistical significant difference for the placental SWV values between the two groups of distance in the range of 2.0 to 5.99 cm and 6.0 to 7.99 cm (P <0.05).There was no statistical significant difference between the other two groups.The mean SWV value was (0.78±0.08 m/s)in the normal group. No significant relationships were found between the placental SWV values and the gestational ages of the normal population.However the placental SWV values were significantly related to the placental grades.For the placental SWV values,there was statistical significant difference between the normal group and the abnormal group (P <0.05).No statistical significant difference was found between the severe preeclampsia group and the severe preeclampsia with FGR group.The pathological examinations also showed significant changes in the abnormal group.Conclusions ARFI may quantitatively analyze the placental elasticity and make a difference between nomal and abnormal placenta.